区块链开发之确定性算法bip32，bip39，bip44
##引言
随着比特币区块链的发展，人们已经不满足于，只有一个账号的情况，有些人会有好几个账户，但是这就出现一个问题，我有几个账号，就要保存几个私钥，这就特别麻烦和不友好，所以，就出现了bip32确定性算法，该算法可以让你只有同一个种子，就可以生成无数个私钥和地址，这就大大方便了用户的使用。但是这个种子，也不较长，用户使用起来也比较繁琐，这就出现了bip39，它是使用助记词的方式，生成种子的，这样用户只需要记住，12个单词（3,6,9,12，15,18,21，24支持这些单词数，目前使用较广泛的是12和24），这就有大大提高了用户使用的便利性。又随着区块链发展，市面上出现了很多币种，之前的确定性算法只是针对比特币的，也就是说只支持一种币种，用户想用同一个种子，管理不同币种，这就促使了bip39协议的出现，它是基于bip32协议的，它给bip32的路径，赋予了不同的意义，很好的解决了多币种，多地址的问题。
协议官方链接
如果想详细的了解这些协议，请查看官方文档（解析的最清楚）
big32：https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki
bip39：https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki
bip44：https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0044.mediawiki
验证网站：https://iancoleman.io/bip39/
#BIP44简介
##路径级别
bip44给bip32定义了5各级别
m / purpose’ / coin_type’ / account’ / change / address_index
##m是固定的
Purpose也是固定的，值为44（或者 0x8000002C）
##Coin type
这个代表的是币种，0代表比特币，1代表比特币测试链，60代表以太坊
完整的币种列表地址：https://github.com/satoshilabs/slips/blob/master/slip-0044.md
##Account
代表这个币的账户索引，从0开始
##Change
常量0用于外部链，常量1用于内部链（也称为更改地址）。外部链用于在钱包外可见的地址（例如，用于接收付款）。内部链用于在钱包外部不可见的地址，用于返回交易变更。 (所以一般使用0)
##address_index
这就是地址索引，从0开始，代表生成第几个地址，并且官方建议，每个account下的address_index不要超过20
###示例
| coin account | change | address | path |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bitcoin | first | external | first |
| Bitcoin | first | external | second |
| Bitcoin | first | internal | second |
| Bitcoin | Testnet | first | external |
| Bitcoin | Testnet | second | external |
ETH ERC20的相关信息
##pyhton script
import json
import web3
from web3 import Web3, HTTPProvider
my = "0xD551234Ae421e3BCBA99A0Da6d736074f22192FF"
eos_contract_address = "0x86Fa049857E0209aa7D9e616F7eb3b3B78ECfdb0"
contract_source_code='''
[{
"type":"function",
"name":"balanceOf",
"constant":true,
"payable":false,
"inputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],
"outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256","value":"0"}]
}]
'''
abi = json.loads(contract_source_code)
web3 = Web3(HTTPProvider('http://localhost:8545') )
#web3 = Web3(HTTPProvider('https://mainnet.infura.io/<key>') )
source_code = web3.eth.getCode(eos_contract_address)
contract = web3.eth.contract(abi=abi, address=eos_contract_address)
contract.call().balanceOf(my)
##erc20 contract abi
[
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [],
"name": "name",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "string"
}
],
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": false,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_from",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_to",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_value",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "transferFrom",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "success",
"type": "bool"
}
],
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [],
"name": "decimals",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "uint8"
}
],
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "address"
}
],
"name": "balanceOf",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [],
"name": "symbol",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "string"
}
],
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": false,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_to",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_value",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "transfer",
"outputs": [],
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": false,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_spender",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_value",
"type": "uint256"
},
{
"name": "_extraData",
"type": "bytes"
}
],
"name": "approveAndCall",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "success",
"type": "bool"
}
],
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "",
"type": "address"
}
],
"name": "spentAllowance",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "",
"type": "address"
}
],
"name": "allowance",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"type": "function"
},
{
"inputs": [
{
"name": "initialSupply",
"type": "uint256"
},
{
"name": "tokenName",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "decimalUnits",
"type": "uint8"
},
{
"name": "tokenSymbol",
"type": "string"
}
],
"type": "constructor"
},
{
"anonymous": false,
"inputs": [
{
"indexed": true,
"name": "from",
"type": "address"
},
{
"indexed": true,
"name": "to",
"type": "address"
},
{
"indexed": false,
"name": "value",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "Transfer",
"type": "event"
}
]
##ERC20如eos转账demo
http://www.yaozihao.cn/2017/12/08/697/
from web3 import Web3, HTTPProvider
from web3.contract import ConciseContract
import json
web3 = Web3(HTTPProvider('http://localhost:8545'))
print(web3.eth.blockNumber)
tx='0xb1ea3885a25efa295837c287560fe4c137c1bcd3718720330eb68d7f96a5479e'
web3.eth.getTransaction(tx)
web3.eth.getTransactionReceipt(tx)
exit(0)
web3.eth.defaultAccount = '0x00B113795f1aA12EE361adC6D281392802d0e025'
EIP20_ABI_str = '[{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"mintingFinished","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[],"name":"unpause","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"mint","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"paused","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"name":"balance","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[],"name":"finishMinting","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[],"name":"pause","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"owner","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_amount","type":"uint256"},{"name":"_releaseTime","type":"uint256"}],"name":"mintTimelocked","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"name":"_spender","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"name":"remaining","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"newOwner","type":"address"}],"name":"transferOwnership","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Mint","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[],"name":"MintFinished","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[],"name":"Pause","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[],"name":"Unpause","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"spender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"}]'
EIP20_ABI = json.loads(EIP20_ABI_str)
token_contract_address = '0x86fa049857e0209aa7d9e616f7eb3b3b78ecfdb0'
token = web3.eth.contract(
token_contract_address,
abi=EIP20_ABI,
ContractFactoryClass=ConciseContract,
)
totalSupply = token.totalSupply()
balance = token.balanceOf('0x00B113795f1aA12EE361adC6D281392802d0e025')
tx = token.transfer(
'0x00845daA689b1374ecAf4CfEcfBfc86D41ec7735',
web3.toWei(2,"ether"),
transact={'from':'0x00B113795f1aA12EE361adC6D281392802d0e025'})
tx = '0xb3b82923d8d9b5d28fbab7f7281704f033362ac9f293e6638227efb44ff85499'
web3.eth.getTransaction(tx)
web3.eth.getTransactionReceipt(tx)
web3.eth.getTransactionCount(web3.eth.coinbase)
web3.eth.getTransactionCount('0x00B113795f1aA12EE361adC6D281392802d0e025')
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